Compare Cambodia (2008) - Cayman Islands (2004)

Compare Cambodia (2008) z Cayman Islands (2004)

	Cambodia (2008)	Cayman Islands (2004)

Administrative divisions	20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities* (krong, singular and plural) provinces: Banteay Mean Cheay, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Krachen, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Cheay, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanah Kiri, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnum Penh (Phnom Penh), Preah Seihanu (Sihanoukville)	8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West End, Western
Age structure	0-14 years: 34% (male 2,405,561/female 2,355,404) 15-64 years: 62.4% (male 4,234,701/female 4,500,994) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 189,090/female 310,154) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 21.4% (male 4,608; female 4,616) 15-64 years: 70.6% (male 14,858; female 15,593) 65 years and over: 8% (male 1,607; female 1,821) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca	vegetables, fruit; livestock, turtle farming
Airports	17 (2007)	3 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km	total: 262 sq km land: 262 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Oklahoma	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863 and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the remaining Khmer Rouge leaders are awaiting trial by a UN-sponsored tribunal for crimes against humanity. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King SIHANOUK abdicated the throne due to illness and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local elections were held in Cambodia in April 2007, and there was little in the way of pre-election violence that preceded prior elections. National elections are scheduled for July 2008.	The Cayman Islands were colonized from Jamaica by the British during the 18th and 19th centuries. Administered by Jamaica since 1863, they remained a British dependency after 1962 when the former became independent.
Birth rate	25.53 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	13.11 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	revenues: $915.5 million expenditures: $1.101 billion (2007 est.)	revenues: $265.2 million expenditures: $248.9 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1997)
Capital	name: Phnom Penh geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	George Town
Climate	tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation	tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)
Coastline	443 km	160 km
Constitution	promulgated 21 September 1993	1959, revised 1972 and 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) local short form: Kampuchea former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Cayman Islands
Currency	-	Caymanian dollar (KYD)
Death rate	8.24 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	4.76 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	$3.98 billion (31 December 2007 est.)	$70 million (1996)
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. MUSSOMELI embassy: #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 728-000 FAX: [855] (23) 728-600	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Southeast Asian states must maintain border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and claims of Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands; Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962	none
Economic aid - recipient	$698.2 million pledged in grants and concession loans for 2007 by international donors (2007)	NA (1999)
Economy - overview	From 2001 to 2004, the economy grew at an average rate of 6.4%, driven largely by an expansion in the garment sector and tourism. The US and Cambodia signed a Bilateral Textile Agreement, which gave Cambodia a guaranteed quota of US textile imports and established a bonus for improving working conditions and enforcing Cambodian labor laws and international labor standards in the industry. With the January 2005 expiration of a WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing, Cambodia-based textile producers were forced to compete directly with lower-priced producing countries such as China and India. Better-than-expected garment sector performance led to more than 8% growth in 2007. Its vibrant garment industry employs more than 350,000 people and contributes more than 70% of Cambodia's exports. The Cambodian government has committed itself to a policy supporting high labor standards in an attempt to maintain buyer interest. In 2005, exploitable oil and natural gas deposits were found beneath Cambodia's territorial waters, representing a new revenue stream for the government if commercial extraction begins. Mining also is attracting significant investor interest, particularly in the northeastern parts of the country, and the government has said opportunities exist for mining bauxite, gold, iron and gems. In 2006, a US-Cambodia bilateral Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) was signed and the first round of discussions took place in early 2007. The tourism industry continues to grow rapidly, with foreign arrivals reaching 2 million in 2007. In 2007 the government signed a joint venture agreement with two companies to form a new national airline. The long-term development of the economy remains a daunting challenge. The Cambodian government is working with bilateral and multilateral donors, including the World Bank and IMF, to address the country's many pressing needs. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. More than 50% of the population is less than 21 years old. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure.	With no direct taxation, the islands are a thriving offshore financial center. More than 40,000 companies were registered in the Cayman Islands as of 1998, including almost 600 banks and trust companies; banking assets exceed $500 billion. A stock exchange was opened in 1997. Tourism is also a mainstay, accounting for about 70% of GDP and 75% of foreign currency earnings. The tourist industry is aimed at the luxury market and caters mainly to visitors from North America. Total tourist arrivals exceeded 1.2 million in 1997, with 600,000 from the US. About 90% of the islands' food and consumer goods must be imported. The Caymanians enjoy one of the highest outputs per capita and one of the highest standards of living in the world.
Electricity - consumption	206.6 million kWh (2005)	355.2 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	82 million kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	134 million kWh (2005)	381.9 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: The Bluff 43 m
Environment - current issues	illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing	no natural fresh water resources; drinking water supplies must be met by rainwater catchments
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%	mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of various ethnic groups 20%
Exchange rates	riels per US dollar - 4,006 (2007), 4,103 (2006), 4,092.5 (2005), 4,016.25 (2004), 3,973.33 (2003)	Caymanian dollars per US dollar - 0.82 (29 October 2001), 0.83 (3 November 1995), 0.85 (22 November 1993)
Executive branch	chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) [co-prime minister from 1993 to 1997]; Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992); SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004); KEV PUT REAKSMEI (since 24 October 2006), BIN CHHIN (since 5 September 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); Governor Bruce DINWIDDY (since 29 May 2002) head of government: Chief Secretary W. McKeeva BUSH (since NA December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council (three members appointed by the governor, four members elected by the Legislative Assembly) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the governor is appointed by the monarch; the chief secretary is appointed by the governor
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear	turtle products, manufactured consumer goods
Exports - partners	US 53.3%, Hong Kong 15.2%, Germany 6.6%, UK 4.3% (2006)	mostly US
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band note: only national flag to incorporate an actual building in its design	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $1.27 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 31% industry: 26% services: 43% (2007 est.)	agriculture: 1.4% industry: 3.2% services: 95.4% (1994 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $35,000 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	9.1% (2007 est.)	1.7% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 00 N, 105 00 E	19 30 N, 80 30 W
Geography - note	a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap	important location between Cuba and Central America
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.9% highest 10%: 34.8% (2004)	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; limited methamphetamine production; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders	offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug transshipment to the US and Europe
Imports	3,585 bbl/day (2004)	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products	foodstuffs, manufactured goods
Imports - partners	Hong Kong 18.1%, China 17.5%, Thailand 13.9%, Taiwan 12.7%, Vietnam 9%, Singapore 5.3%, South Korea 4.9%, Japan 4.3% (2006)	US, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, Netherlands Antilles, Japan
Independence	9 November 1953 (from France)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	12% (2007 est.)	NA
Industries	tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles	tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture
Infant mortality rate	total: 58.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 65.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 8.41 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.64 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.4% (2007 est.)	2.8% (2002)
International organization participation	ACCT, ADB, APT, ARF, ASEAN, EAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNESCO (associate), UPU
Irrigated land	2,700 sq km (2003)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority	Summary Court; Grand Court; Cayman Islands Court of Appeal
Labor force	7 million (2003 est.)	19,820 (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 75% industry: NA% services: NA% (2004 est.)	agriculture 1.4%, industry 12.6%, services 86% (1995)
Land boundaries	total: 2,572 km border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 20.44% permanent crops: 0.59% other: 78.97% (2005)	arable land: 3.85% permanent crops: 0% other: 96.15% (2001)
Languages	Khmer (official) 95%, French, English	English
Legal system	primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations	British common law and local statutes
Legislative branch	bicameral, consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; 2 members appointed by the monarch, 2 elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by parliamentarians and commune councils; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 22 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2011) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - CPP 69%, FUNCINPEC 21%, SRP 10%; seats by party - CPP 45, FUNCINPEC 10, SRP 2 (January 2006)	unicameral Legislative Assembly (18 seats, three appointed members from the Executive Council and 15 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 8 November 2000 (next to be held 17 November 2004) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - NA
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 61.29 years male: 59.27 years female: 63.4 years (2007 est.)	total population: 79.81 years male: 77.21 years female: 82.45 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 73.6% male: 84.7% female: 64.1% (2004 est.)	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% (1970 est.)
Location	Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos	Caribbean, island group in Caribbean Sea, nearly one-half of the way from Cuba to Honduras
Map references	Southeast Asia	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 586 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,889,909 GRT/2,682,881 DWT by type: bulk carrier 40, cargo 487, chemical tanker 10, container 9, livestock carrier 3, passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 11, refrigerated cargo 18, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1 foreign-owned: 463 (Canada 6, China 166, Cyprus 9, Egypt 14, Estonia 1, Gabon 1, Greece 5, Hong Kong 11, Indonesia 1, Japan 3, South Korea 29, Latvia 2, Lebanon 7, Nigeria 2, Romania 1, Russia 112, Singapore 2, Syria 32, Taiwan 1, Turkey 20, Ukraine 27, UAE 2, US 6, Yemen 3) (2007)	total: 137 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,827,837 GRT/4,555,974 DWT by type: bulk 27, cargo 7, chemical tanker 36, container 2, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 25, refrigerated cargo 33, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea/passenger 1, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: Germany 9, Greece 25, Hong Kong 3, Italy 14, Norway 4, Singapore 1, Spain 11, Sweden 13, Switzerland 1, United Kingdom 18, United States 43 registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force (2008)	no regular military forces; Royal Cayman Islands Police Force
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3% (2005 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 9 November (1953)	Constitution Day, first Monday in July
Nationality	noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian	noun: Caymanian(s) adjective: Caymanian
Natural hazards	monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts	hurricanes (July to November)
Natural resources	oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential	fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	18.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: major destination for Cubans trying to migrate to the US (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Cambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Norodom Ranariddh Party or NRP [Norodom RANARIDDH]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI]	no national teams (loose groupings of political organizations) were formed for the 2000 elections; United Democratic Party or UDP [leader McKeeva BUSH]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [leader Kurt TIBBETTS]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	13,995,904 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)	43,103 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	35% (2004)	NA (2002 est.)
Population growth rate	1.729% (2007 est.)	2.71% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Cayman Brac, George Town
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 17, shortwave NA (2003)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	total: 602 km narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)	-
Religions	Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%	United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Church of God, other Protestant, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.021 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.941 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.61 male(s)/female total population: 0.953 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: mobile-phone systems are widely used in urban areas to bypass deficiencies in the fixed-line network; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage, aided by increasing competition among service providers, is increasing and stands at about 8 per 100 persons domestic: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile-phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) (2007)	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 1-345; 1 submarine coaxial cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	32,800 (2006)	38,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1.14 million (2006)	17,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	9 (including 2 TV relay stations with French and Vietnamese broadcasts); excludes 18 regional relay stations (2006)	1 with cable system
Terrain	mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north	low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs
Total fertility rate	3.12 children born/woman (2007 est.)	1.9 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	2.5% (2000 est.)	4.1% (1997)
Waterways	2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2005)	-

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